vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; dh LFkkiuk ds mn~ns'; %
jktLFkku jkT; esa mPp f'k{kk ds {ks= esa xq.koRrk ykus o mPp f'k{kk ds {ks= esa jkT; dks vxz.kh jkT; cukus dh n`f"V ls jkT; ds dqN egkfo|ky;ksa dks *vkn'kZ egkfo|ky;* ds :i esa fodflr fd;k tkuk izLrkfor gSA
vkn'kZ egkfo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dk mn~ns'; jkT; esa mPp f'k{kk ds {ks= esa mRd`"Brk ds dsUnz ;kfu jk"Vªh; Lrj dh lqfo/kk ;qDr ,sls egkfo|ky;ksa dk fodkl djuk gS tks jkT; ds vU; egkfo|ky;ksa ds fy, izsj.kk ds lzksr] fn'kk funsZ'kd ;k ekxZ funsZ'kd fl) gks ldsaA
vkn'kZ egkfo|ky;ksa ls vis{kk,a %
vkn'kZ egkfo|ky;ksa ls ;g vis{kk gksxh fd os mPp f'k{kk ds {ks= dh lHkh LoLFk ijEijkvksa o uo iz;ksxksa ls voxr jgsaxs rFkk vko';drkuqlkj budk vius egkfo|ky;ksa esa lekos'k djsaxsA ,sls egkfo|ky; vius {ks= ds vU; egkfo|ky;ksa dks mPp f'k{kk ds {ks= esa xq.koRrk ykus ds laca/k esa vdknfed] izcU/kdh; o O;kogkfjd fo'ks"kK ijke'kZ miyC/k djok;saxs] ftlls lq/kkj] mRFkku o izxfr dh ,d J`a[kyk izkjEHk gks ldsA
vkn'kZ egkfo|ky;ksa ls vuqdj.kh; izfrc)rk] mPp dk;Z laLd`fr] l`tu'khyrk] tkx:drk] izcU/kdh; n{krk o ,dkmUVsfcfyVh visf{kr gksxhA vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; ds leLr deZpkjh lr~r :i ls {kerk fodkl ¼dsisflVh fcfYMax½ gsrq izfrc) o iz;kljr gksaxs rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vius f'k{k.k o vkpj.k ls Kkuoku] lqlaLd`r o mRiknd ukxfjd cukus dk ekxZ iz'kLr djsaxsA
vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; gsrq p;u ds ekin.M %
vkn'kZ egkfo|ky;ksa ds p;u gsrq fu;r o foLr`r ekin.M gksaxsA blesa egkfo|ky; ds iz'kklu ,oa ladk; lnL;ksa dh lgefr o opuc)rk ,d vfuok;Z ekin.M gksxkA
;kstuk gsrq iwoZ esa vPNk izn'kZu djus okys] uSd izR;k;u esa vPNs xzsM izkIr djus okys] <kapkxr lqfo/kkvksa dh n`f"V ls lqn`<+ egkfo|ky;ksa dk p;u fd;k tk;sxkA lkFk gh dqN fiNM+s {ks=ksa@xzkeh.k {ks=ksa@vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr cgqy {ks=ksa ds egkfo|ky;ksa o dU;k egkfo|ky;ksa dk p;u Hkh fd;k tk;sxkA
futh {ks= ds egkfo|ky; Hkh bl ;kstuk esa lgHkkfxrk dj ldrs gSaA
;kstuk esa p;fur egkfo|ky;ksa dks izLrkfor vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; dgk tk,xk rFkk fuf'pr ekun.Mksa dh iwfrZ ds mijkUr gh bUgsa vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; dk ntkZ fuf'pr le;kof/k rd@ekun.Mksa dh iwfrZ djrs jgus rd fn;k tk;sxkA
vkn'kZ egkfo|ky;ksa gsrq foRrh; lgk;rk %
;kstuk esa p;fur jktdh; egkfo|ky;ksa dks jkT; ljdkj dh vksj ls lhfer foRrh; lgk;rk miyC/k djokbZ tk;sxhA izLrkfor vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; dks ;kstukc) rjhds ls orZeku lqfo/kkvksa o visf{kr lqfo/kkvksa ds chp ds vUrjky dh igpku djuh gksxh rFkk bldh iwfrZ gsrq izkFkfedrk lwph cukdj ,d O;kogkfjd dk;Z ;kstuk cukuh gksxhA vko';d jkf'k jkT; ljdkj ds vfrfjDr LFkkuh; Q.M] nkunkrkvksa] LFkkuh; fo/kkulHkk@yksdlHkk izfrfuf/k Q.M] ;w-th-lh-] uxjikfydk vkfn dh lgHkkfxrk ;kstuk ls O;ofLFkr dh tk ldrh gSA
jkT; ljdkj o vk;qDrky; dh Hkwfedk %
vkn'kZ egkfo|ky;ksa ds fodkl esa jkT; ljdkj o vk;qDrky; dh Hkwfedk fuEu izdkj gksxh%&
1- vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; dh p;u izfØ;k fu;r djuk o izLrkfor vkn'kZ egkfo|ky;ksa dk p;u djukA
2- vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; dh LFkkiuk gsrq fn'kk&funsZ'k miyC/k djokukA
3- vko';d iz'kklfud Lohd`fr;ka o lg;ksx miyC/k djokuk rFkk iz'kklfud leL;kvksa dk funkuA
4- jktdh; egkfo|ky;ksa dks lhfer foRrh; lgk;rk miyC/k djokukA
;kstuk ds ykHkkFkhZ %
vkn'kZ egkfo|ky; loZtu fgrk; ,oa Kkuo/kZuk; ds fl)kUr ij dk;Z djsaxs rFkk bl ;kstuk ls lHkh ?kVd ;Fkk fo|kFkhZ] ladk; lnL;] egkfo|ky;] jkT; ljdkj vkfn ykHkkfUor gksaxsA
fo|kFkhZ% xq.kkRed f'k{kk ¼DokfyVh ,tqds'ku½] lokZaxh.k fodkl o O;fDrRo fodkl] dkWLV bQsfDVo ,tqds'ku] csgrj ,EIyks;sfcfyVh ¼jkstxkj cktkj gsrq vf/kd mi;qDrrk½] oSpkfjd LokrU=A
ladk; lnL;% {kerk fodkl ¼dsisflVh fcfYMax½] csgrj dk;Z okrkoj.k ¼csVj odZ ,UosjsUesUV½] dk;Z lUrqf"V ¼tkWc lsfVLQsD'ku½
egkfo|ky;% csgrj izcU/ku] csgrj ifj.kke] HkkSfrd o <kapkxr lqfo/kkvksa dk fodkl] izfr"Bk esa o`f)A
jkT; ljdkj% jkT; dh jk"Vªh; Lrj ij csgrj izfr"Bk] osyQs;j LVsV ds y{;ksa dh izkfIrA
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